The quintuple helix model can be seen as an enhancement of the quadruple helix perspective that not only focuses on the actors from academia, government, and industry, but also recognizes the increased role played by civil society and its environment.
Government acts as a public entrepreneur and venture capitalist in addition to its traditional regulatory role in setting the rules of the game.
Moving beyond product development, innovation then becomes an endogenous process of “taking the role of the other”, encouraging hybridization among the institutional spheres.